Risk Factors for Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in Pregnant Women in Bengkulu City

Abstract

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) is a major nutritional problem in pregnant women, especially in developing countries including Indonesia. CED is caused by long-term calorie and protein deficiency, which affects both the mother and the fetus. Data from the Bengkulu City Health Office in 2024 shows that 318 pregnant women experienced CME. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the incidence of CME in pregnant women in Bengkulu City. This study is an analytical study with cross-sectional design. Sampling in this study used a total sampling method with 66 respondents. The study was conducted in June 2025. The results of the study show significant influence of age, education, parity, and occupation on the incidence of CED in pregnant women. The most influential factor on the incidence of CED in the working area of the Muara Bangkahulu Community Health Center is age, with OR value of 39.768, which means that age has a 39.768 times higher risk of suffering from CED in pregnant women when compared to other independent variables.