Proceeding of Bengkulu International Conference on Health (B-ICON)
Proceeding B-ICON is peer-reviewed proceeding publishing scientific articles from health studies. This proceeding has been published by Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu Press (Polkeslu Press) as an output of B-ICON Conference that held once a year. All articles with subject of health studies presented on the B-ICON Conference from national and international researchers are welcome to be submitted to this proceeding. All published articles were peer-reviewed by reputable reviewers. All published articles were published in this proceeding include results of original scientific research and literature review (systematic review, scoping review or meta-analysis) in the field of: 1. Public Health 2. Nursing 3. Midwifery 4. Food and Nutrition 5. Environmental Health and Sanitation 6. Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 7. Laboratory and Medical Technology 8. Pharmaceutical and Herbs Journal Name : Proceeding of Bengkulu International Conference on Health (B-ICON) Journal Abbreviation : B-ICON Printed ISSN : XXXX-XXXX Online ISSN : 2986-027X Publisher : Polkeslu Press Editorial Address : Jl. Indragiri Pd. Harapan No.3, Padang Harapan, Kec. Gading Cemp., Kota Bengkulu, Bengkulu 38225 Indonesia Telephone : 0736-341212 Email : biconhealth@poltekkesbengkulu.ac.id First Publication Year : 2018 Publication Frequency : Once a year
Effectiveness of Moringa Leaf Tea in Stabilizing Haemoglobin, Blood Sugar, Cholesterol, and Uric Acid
Anemia, hyperglycaemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperuricemia are health problems commonly found in teenagers. Moringa oleifera leaf tea contains iron, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidant compounds that might improve the body's blood profile and metabolism. This study aims to analyse the effectiveness of moringa leaf tea consumption in stabilizing haemoglobin, blood sugar, cholesterol, and uric acid levels in teenagers. This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre–posttest control group. There were 86 teenagers who divided into 48 as an intervention group who consumed moringa leaf tea 1 time a day for 14 days. There were 38 teenagers as a control group. Examination of haemoglobin, blood sugar at the time, cholesterol, and uric acid were carried out before and after an intervention. Data analysis used a paired t-test or Wilcoxon test and an independent t-test or Mann–Whitney. The results showed a significant increase in haemoglobin levels in the intervention group (p < 0.05), while the control group did not significant changes (p > 0.05). In addition, there was a significant decrease in blood sugar, cholesterol, and uric acid levels in the intervention group (p < 0.05), while in the control group the results were not significant. The intergroup test also showed significant differences after the intervention (p < 0.05). Consumption of moringa leaf tea 1 time a day for 14 days has been proven to be effective in increasing haemoglobin levels while lowering blood sugar, cholesterol, and uric acid levels in adolescent girls. Moringa leaf tea has the potential to be used as a complementary intervention based on local food for the prevention of anemia and metabolic disorders in adolescents.
Copyright (c) 2025 Proceeding of Bengkulu International Conference on Health (B-ICON)
Magic Four-Word Habit Models for Preventing Bullying in Elementary School
In Indonesia, up to 50% of youngsters have been bullied. Among 78 countries, Indonesia is in the top five for the greatest rate of bullying in high schools. The goal of this study is to discover whether a four-word habituation model influences bullying behavior in elementary school students. A quasi-experimental pre-post test design with a control group was the method employed in the research design. The 44 participants in total, 22 for the intervention group and 22 for the control group, were selected using a purposive sampling procedure. The habitation model is presented using a poster with four magical words and the method of singing four magic phrases. For two weeks, the intervention and control groups received the same course of treatment twice a week. The instrument included a respondent’s characteristic sheet, a respectful questionnaire sheet, a poster for four-word magic, and a song about magic. The independent t-test was applied for data analysis. The habitation model of four magic words produced results with a ρ-value (0,013 < 0,05). It was expected that kids would be able to use the habit model of the four magic words in their daily lives.
Supportive Educative Developement For Family Accompanyers Of Diabetes Mellitus Patient
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic non-communicable disease that continues to increase globally and poses serious health challenges. Effective management requires not only medical treatment but also strong family support to ensure adherence to self-care behaviors. This study aimed to analyze the effect of developing supportive-educative family groups on adaptive behavior and self-care independence of patients with diabetes mellitus through the implementation of five pillars of diabetes management: education, medical nutrition therapy, physical activity, pharmacological therapy, and self-monitoring of blood glucose. This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the working area of Simbarwaringin Primary Health Care, Lampung Tengah, involving 157 respondents. The sample consisted of 72 family members in the intervention group and 85 in the control group, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using the modified Diabetes Social Support Questionnaire-Family and analyzed with paired-sample t-test and independent two-sample t-test. The results showed a significant improvement in family supportive-educative behavior after the intervention in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Family support improved significantly in nutrition management, physical activity, pharmacological therapy adherence, stress management, and self-monitoring of blood glucose. Moreover, the proportion of patients with random blood glucose >200 mg/dl decreased from 59.7% to 29.2% in the intervention group, while it remained high in the control group. In conclusion, supportive-educative family group intervention was proven effective in enhancing family support, patient adaptive behavior, and self-care independence, thereby contributing to better glycemic control among patients with diabetes mellitus.
Impact of Empowering Adolescent Posyandu Cadre On HIV/AIDS Preventive Behavior In Kandang Health Center, Bengkulu City
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) remain global health challenges, especially among adolescents. According to data from the Bengkulu City Health Office in 2023, the Kandang Community Health Center recorded the highest number of HIV/AIDS cases in the city. Adolescents are a vulnerable group who often receive insufficient education related to HIV/AIDS prevention. One of the strategic effort to prevent HIV/AIDS among adolescents health cadres (Posyandu Remaja). This study aims to determine the effect of empowering adolescent posyandu cadres on HIV/AIDS preventive behavior in the working area of the Kandang Community Health Center in Bengkulu City. This study used a quantitative method with a pre-experimental design and a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The population included adolescents involved in the adolescent posyandu groups in the Kandang Community Health Center area, with a total sample of 37 adolescents. The results showed an increase in the average scores of knowledge, attitudes, and actions of adolescents regarding HIV/AIDS prevention after the empowerment of posyandu cadres. Statistical tests indicated a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores. It can be concluded that empowering adolescents health cadres in HIV/AIDS prevention behavior can be an effective method for delivering health information to adolescents.
A Comparative Study of Knowledge and Practice Regarding The 'Isi Piringku' Dietary Guidelines Among Women of Reproductive Age at Pasar Ikan Public Health Center, Bengkulu City
Women aged 15 to 49 are categorized as women of reproductive age (WRA), during which the reproductive system functions optimally to support pregnancy and childbirth. During this period, adequate and balanced nutrition is essential to maintain good health. Poor nutritional intake among WRA can lead to various issues such as iron deficiency anemia and chronic energy deficiency (CED), which may result in low birth weight (LBW), stunting in children, and an increased risk of maternal mortality. According to 2023 SKI data, the prevalence of CED among pregnant WRA decreased to 16.9%, while among non-pregnant WRA, it increased to 20.6%. However, many WRA are still unaware of the importance of balanced nutrition. This study aims to examine the differences in knowledge and practices before and after the "Isi Piringku" nutrition education among WRA at Pasar Ikan Public Health Center. A quantitative approach was used with a one-group pretest-posttest design. A total of 55 participants were selected using random sampling. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze the data. The results showed a significant difference in knowledge and practices before and after the intervention, with a p-value of 0.000 (<0.005). Nutrition education significantly improved WRA’s knowledge and practice of balanced diets.
Overview of Triglyceride Levels and Coconut Milk Food Consumption Habits in Bengkulu Provincial Health Office Employees
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the non-communicable diseases with a high prevalence in Indonesia. One of the risk factors is dyslipidemia, which is the condition of increased cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the bloodstream. Dyslipidemia is often caused by unhealthy eating habits, for example consuming too much saturated fat from thick coconut milk and insufficient fiber intake. A sedentary lifestyle, especially in office workers, also exacerbates this condition because it triggers the accumulation of fats and triglycerides in the body. This study aimed to find out the overview of triglyceride levels and consumption habits of coconut milk food in health office employees in 2025. An analytical descriptive research was designed with 48 respondents from 251 populations taken by random sampling. Triglyceride levels were measured using the Enzymatic Colorimetric method (GPO-PAP). Data on consumption habits of coconut milk food were collected using FFQ so that the total consumption was obtained and then grouped based on the median value. The data is processed through tabulation to produce a frequency and percentage distribution and then displayed in the form of a table. Most of the respondents (70.8%) were female. The average age of respondents was 46.4 years old with the youngest age being 34 years old, the oldest being 59 years old. Most (41.7%) respondents have a habit of consuming coconut milk foods frequently. Most (91.7%) of the respondents had hypertriglyceride levels, almost all respondents had hypertriglyceride levels and often consumed coconut milk foods.
Application of Foot Exercise Therapy on Blood Glucose Levels in Older Adults with Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Bandar Lampung
Diabetes mellitus (DM) type II is a major health concern among older adults, requiring continuous management to prevent complications. Physical activity is an important component of diabetes care, and foot exercise has been proposed as a simple, inexpensive, and accessible alternative. This study aimed to compare the effect of foot exercise and brisk walking on random blood glucose levels in older adults with type II DM. A quasi-experimental design with a pre- and post-test control group was conducted involving 100 respondents. Participants were divided into two groups: the intervention group performed foot exercise for 15–30 minutes daily, while the control group performed brisk walking for the same duration over one week. Random blood glucose levels were measured before and after the interventions using standardized procedures. Both interventions significantly reduced random blood glucose levels. However, foot exercise demonstrated a greater mean reduction compared to brisk walking, as indicated by paired t-test analysis. Foot exercise can be recommended as a practical and effective complementary therapy for older adults with type II diabetes mellitus, especially for those with limited mobility or time. Incorporating this simple activity into daily routines may support improved diabetes self-management.
Implementation of The Respectful Maternity Care Approach in Caring for Pregnant Women with Obesity: A Phenomenological Study
The increasing prevalence of obesity in pregnant women poses a significant challenge to midwifery and public health practice, particularly in ensuring dignified and equitable care. Although numerous studies have addressed the medical risks of obesity in pregnancy, limited studies have highlighted how the principles of Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) are applied to obese pregnant women, particularly from the perspectives of both mothers and health workers. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring the experiences of obese pregnant women and midwives in implementing RMC in midwifery services in Bengkulu City, Indonesia. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews with 7 obese pregnant women, 5 midwives, and 1 head of a community health center. Thematic analysis yielded six main themes: (1) maternal perceptions of self and pregnancy, (2) experiences of stigma and discrimination in health services, (3) the meaning of RMC-based midwifery care, (4) challenges for midwives in implementing empathetic communication, (5) family support in managing healthy lifestyle behaviors, and (6) transformation of self-awareness through dignified care. The results showed that empathetic and non-discriminatory communication increased maternal confidence and adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviors, while limited time and training were barriers to consistent RMC implementation. This study emphasizes the importance of institutional policies that strengthen RMC training, involve families in care, and build a more humanistic and inclusive midwifery service system for pregnant women with obesity.
Evaluation of The Anti-Photoaging Potential of Hypsizygus Marmoreus Aqueous Crude Extracts: Antioxidant Compounds, Activities, and Cell Viability in Nih/3t3 Fibroblasts
Hypsizygus marmoreus (Bunashimeji), a popular edible mushroom in East Asia, is recognized for its therapeutic properties, including antioxidant activity. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly UVB, induces reactive oxygen species (ROS), accelerating skin aging and elevating cancer risk. This study evaluated the antioxidant and anti-photoaging potential of aqueous crude extracts of H. marmoreus prepared by cold water extraction (CWE) and hot water extraction (HWE). Antioxidant capacity was assessed through total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), reducing power, ferrous ion chelating activity, and DPPH radical scavenging assays, while cytotoxicity and protective effects were examined in fibroblast cells using MTT. CWE contained significantly higher phenolic content than HWE (p < 0.001), indicating stronger antioxidant potential. No significant differences were observed in TFC and chelating activity (p > 0.05). CWE demonstrated greater reducing power at 5–15 mg/mL (p < 0.05), while both extracts exhibited concentration dependent DPPH scavenging activity, with CWE showing slightly higher efficacy. Neither extract surpassed the standard in ferrous ion chelation. MTT analysis confirmed non-cytotoxicity of both extracts and revealed enhanced fibroblast viability, suggesting a protective effect against oxidative stress. In conclusion, CWE of H. marmoreus exhibited superior antioxidant properties compared to HWE, particularly in phenolic content and reducing power, and supported fibroblast survival. These findings suggest that H. marmoreus holds promise as a natural photoprotective agent for anti-aging and skin-care formulations.
Effect of the Combination of Stretching and Red Ginger Hydrotherapy on Pain Reduction in Elderly Patients with Gout Arthritis in Bengkulu, Indonesia
Gout arthritis is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated uric acid levels that trigger the formation of crystals in the joints, resulting in pain, inflammation, and limited mobility, particularly in the elderly. Non-pharmacological interventions offer an effective alternative for pain relief without the side effects of medication. The combination of stretching exercises and red ginger hydrotherapy offers an innovative, safe, and practical approach. Stretching improves flexibility and blood circulation, while red ginger provides a natural warming and anti-inflammatory effect. The synergy between the two has the potential to be an effective strategy for reducing gouty arthritis pain and enhancing independence in self-care among the elderly. This study aimed to determine the effect of combined stretching and red ginger hydrotherapy on pain levels among elderly patients with gout arthritis at Nusa Indah Public Health Center, Bengkulu City, Indonesia. This study used a quantitative pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. Participants were selected through purposive sampling based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in a total of 39 elderly respondents. Pain levels were measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and after the intervention. The results of the normality test, using the Shapiro–Wilk test, showed an abnormal distribution. Therefore, the researcher then used the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). The mean pain score decreased from 4.79 before to 2.05 after the intervention. The results demonstrated a significant effect of stretching and red ginger hydrotherapy on reducing pain intensity (p = 0.000; p < 0.05). Regular implementation of these therapies is recommended to promote comfort and independence in managing gout-related pain among the elderly.
Eosinophilia Without Microfilariae: A Case Study of Potential Hidden Filariasis Transmission in Central Bengkulu District, Indonesia
Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a parasitic infection causing chronic disability and disfigurement, commonly affecting tropical countries like Indonesia. Although Bengkulu Province, particularly Central Bengkulu District, has been classified as non-endemic after mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns, the presence of chronic cases suggests the need for continued surveillance. This study aimed to explore the presence of hidden or subclinical LF transmission in a non-endemic area by assessing eosinophil levels as a potential early indicator of filarial infection, particularly when microfilariae are undetectable by microscopy. A cross-sectional study was conducted from August to October 2022 in three villages of Central Bengkulu. A total of 262 finger-prick blood samples were examined for microfilariae using Giemsa-stained smears, while 82 venous blood samples from Tiambang Village were analyzed for eosinophil levels using a Neubauer hemocytometer and Dunger’s solution. Sociodemographic data were also recorded. No microfilariae were detected in any of the samples. However, eosinophilia (>350 cells/mm³) was observed in a significant portion of participants in Tiambang Village, with an average eosinophil count of 436 cells/mm³. Elevated eosinophil levels were more common among females and individuals aged 26–45 years, who are typically more exposed to mosquito bites due to outdoor activities. Although microfilariae were not detected, elevated eosinophil levels may suggest hidden LF transmission or residual immune responses in the population. These findings highlight the importance of integrating eosinophil profiling as a complementary surveillance tool for early detection of LF in post-MDA or low-prevalence settings.
The Effect of Diarrhea Board Game (DIBOGE) on Students’ Knowledge and Attitudes About Diarrhea at SDN 79 Bengkulu City
In developing countries, diarrhea is a major cause of child mortality. Worldwide, there are 2.5 billion cases of diarrhea in children of elementary school age every year. Factors that cause diarrhea are influenced by the level of knowledge about the dangers of diarrhea, attitudes towards the threat of diarrhea, inadequate provision of clean water, water contaminated by feces, inadequate sanitation facilities, inadequate food places and hygiene. This study aims to determine the effect of the Diarrhea Board Game (DIBOGE) on students' knowledge and attitudes about diarrhea at SDN 79, Bengkulu City. This study is a quantitative study using the Action Research method and Pre-Experimental Design (Pre-test and post-test group design). The sample in this study were 38 respondents of grade III students of SDN 79, Bengkulu City, sampling using the simple random sampling technique analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results of the analysis of the average knowledge before the intervention were 40.00 after the intervention increased to 87.89. The average attitude before the intervention was 23.66 after the intervention increased to 36.13. The results of the p value = 0.000 (<0.05) which shows that there is an effect of DIBOGE on students' knowledge and attitudes about diarrhea at SDN 79 Bengkulu City. DIBOGE media can be used as a learning reference to provide health promotion about diarrhea in elementary school children to improve children's knowledge and attitudes about diarrhea.
Determinants of Knowledge and Medication Adherence among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Evidence from a Primary Health Care Setting in Indonesia
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with increasing prevalence worldwide, including Indonesia. Optimal management requires continuous pharmacological therapy, yet treatment outcomes are often hindered by poor patient knowledge and low adherence to antidiabetic medication. Although several studies have examined knowledge and adherence in T2DM, limited data are available from primary health centers in Bengkulu, especially in Kuala Lempuing Health Center, where irregular medication intake and poor disease control are still reported despite ongoing education programs. This study aimed to determine the relationship between patient characteristics, knowledge level, and adherence to antidiabetic medication among T2DM patients at Kuala Lempuing Health Center, Bengkulu City. This research employed an analytic quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach involving 53 respondents selected purposively from January to April 2024. Data on patient knowledge were collected using a validated 12-item questionnaire, while medication adherence was assessed using a modified Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Most respondents were female (77.36%), aged 51–68 years (66.04%), and had low education levels (56.60%). The majority had good knowledge (47%) and were categorized as adherent (45%). Chi-square analysis showed significant relationships between education level and knowledge (p = 0.033), as well as between education level and adherence (p = 0.023). Furthermore, a significant association was found between knowledge level and adherence (p = 0.043), indicating that patients with higher knowledge were more likely to comply with treatment. Education level plays a key role in determining both knowledge and adherence to antidiabetic therapy. Enhancing patient understanding through continuous health education and counseling is essential to improve adherence and optimize glycemic control among T2DM patients.
Nutrition-Related Knowledge and Perception About Nutritional Status Among Students at Faculty of Health University of Nahdlatul Wathan Mataram
Increasing students’ nutrition knowledge is an important goal which may improve their lifestyle. Adequate nutritional knowledge, perception, among adolescents are crucial to prevent health issues and consequently reduce the incidence of non-communicable chronic diseases, including obesity. This study aimed to know the level of Nutritional-Related Knowledge and Perception About Nutritional Status among students of University of Nahdlatul Wathan Mataram, Indonesia. Descriptive research with a cross-sectional research design was conducted in Faculty of Health, University of Nahdlatul Wathan in August 2025. The sample of this study was all health students from University of Nahdlatul Wathan batch 2025 who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data was obtained through direct measurement and filling The Modified General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (M-GNKQ questionnaire), The nutritional status of the students was assessed by calculating their body mass index (BMI) based on their self-reported weight and height. Weight perception questionnaire online. Our key findings revealed in this study, 290 students met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with 55 male students and 235 female students. As many as 69.3% of students have normal nutritional status. The analysis of Nutritional-Related Knowledge shows that the students’ knowledge regarding breakfast consumption, meat products consumption should be increased (88–89% correct answers). Of all of the students, only 48.4% can perceive body weight correctly. The rest, as much as 28.9% is exaggerating perception and 22.7% is reducing perception. The implications of this research are the knowledge of nutrition among the health students of Nahdlatul Wathan University is still quite low and there are still many students who mistakenly perceive their weight.
Analysis of Urinary Glucose in Elementary School Students Who Consume Junk Food in Bengkulu City
Urine glucose, or glycosuria, occurs when glucose appears in urine due to impaired kidney filtration or insufficient insulin activity. Junk food contains excessive sugar and low nutritional value, triggering uncontrolled metabolism. The pancreas secretes higher insulin levels to balance glucose, but frequent junk food consumption may lead to sudden fluctuations and increase the risk of degenerative diseases such as diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to describe urine glucose levels among elementary school students consuming junk food in Bengkulu City in 2024. This descriptive study involved 38 respondents selected purposively. Urine glucose was tested using the Verify™ U120 Smart analyzer and dipstick strips. Most respondents showed negative urine glucose levels (97.3%), while 2.7% showed positive results. Nearly all students consuming junk food had negative urine glucose results. Students with positive urine glucose are advised to reduce junk food intake to prevent childhood-onset diabetes.
Factors Related to The Incidence of Abortion at The Harapan and Doa General Hospital in Bengkulu City
Abortion is the termination of pregnancy before 20 weeks of gestation or with a fetal weight of <500 grams, either spontaneous or induced. This condition is one of the serious pregnancy complications as it can lead to bleeding, infection, and even maternal death. Objective: This study aimed to determine the factors associated with the incidence of abortion among pregnant women at Harapan dan Doa Regional Public Hospital, Bengkulu City. This research used a case-control design with a 1:1 ratio. The sample consisted of 252 respondents, including 126 abortion cases obtained through total sampling and 126 controls selected using simple random sampling. Bivariate analysis showed a significant association between age (p=0.00), history of abortion (p=0.046), and the incidence of abortion, whereas parity was not associated (p=1.000). The most dominant factor associated with abortion was age, with a p-value of 0.001 and an Odds Ratio (OR) of 3.265. Age and history of abortion are associated with the incidence of abortion, with age being the most dominant factor. Health workers are expected to increase education and monitoring for high-risk pregnant women, particularly those under 20 year, over 35 years, and with a history of abortion.
Empowerment Model of Local Wisdom Values of The Lembak Tribe as an Effort to Prevent Stunting in Bengkulu City
Stunting is a nutritional status based on height/age as measured by a child's anthropometric standards, with a Z-score of <-2 SD to -3 SD and <-3 SD categorized as short and very short, respectively. Based on the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI 2023), the prevalence of stunting in Bengkulu Province increased by 0.4%, from 19.8% to 20.2%. Culturally and locally based stunting management has been implemented in several regions in Indonesia. The incorporation of local wisdom values ​​is necessary to encourage local wisdom to complement stunting management policies from a local wisdom perspective. The study aims to determine the empowerment model of local wisdom values ​​(local wisdom) of the Lembak tribe as an effort to prevent stunting in the city of Bengkulu. The research method used mix methods, namely a research method by combining two research methods at once, qualitative and quantitative in a research activity, so that more comprehensive, valid, reliable, and objective data will be obtained. Qualitative research was conducted to identify the development of local wisdom of the Lembak tribe and analysis of the strategy for implementing local wisdom policies (local wisdom) of the Lembak tribe. Quantitative research was conducted for local wisdom interventions for mothers of toddlers (knowledge, skills) products to toddlers (anthropometry, Hb levels, protein levels) of the Lembak tribe using a questionnaire which was used as the main method to obtain data on consumptive behavior using a Likert scale, Data analysis used SWOT analysis, descriptive, bivariate (simple regression). The empowerment process, through nutrition education, innovative complementary feeding recipes, training for cadres and mothers of toddlers, and multi-stakeholder collaboration, has been shown to improve nutritional knowledge, the variety of nutritious local foods, and the nutritional status of toddlers.
Kepok–Moringa Prebiotic in a Gastrointestinal Disorder Rat Model
Colorectal cancer is a prevalent global health concern, with millions of new cases reported worldwide. Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence reached 34,189 cases (8.6%) in 2020, and its pathogenesis is closely linked to gastrointestinal immunity. When the protective mechanisms of the gut are compromised, it often leads to intestinal infections, with clinical manifestations such as weight loss, bleeding, and reduced microbiota levels caused by malabsorption and mucosal damage. Resistant starch from Kepok Banana extract is considered a potential preventive agent, while a diet rich in iron and vitamin C—particularly from moringa leaves—supports iron absorption and helps prevent chronic diseases. In preclinical research, Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) induction is widely used to model intestinal inflammation similar to that seen in humans. This study evaluated the effect of a Kepok-Moringa Starch (KMS) prebiotic supplement on body weight and gut microbiota composition, focusing on Lactobacillus and Shigella spp., in female rats. The experiment used 30 female Wistar rats divided into five groups with varying KMS doses, preceded by one week of acclimatization, four weeks of treatment, and DSS induction for five days. The results showed that KMS supplementation in DSS-induced rats significantly increased body weight and altered gut flora composition, with the highest KMS dose producing an increase in beneficial bacteria and a reduction in pathogenic bacteria. These findings suggest that KMS has strong potential as a prebiotic candidate for further development in colorectal cancer prevention.
Copyright (c) 2026 Proceeding of Bengkulu International Conference on Health (B-ICON)
Design of a Picture Storybook on Healthy Snacks For Elementary School Students at SDN 74 Bengkulu City
Healthy food is food that contains sufficient and balanced nutrients, that is free from bacteria, viruses, parasites, and chemical pollution. Mistakes in choosing snacks often occur due to lack of knowledge of children and parents about healthy food, which can trigger various nutritional problems, such as diarrhea. In Bengkulu Province, digestive disorders such as diarrhea with complications are still one of the health problems that occur in various age groups, including school-age children. The age group of 5-14 years is classified as vulnerable to this problem, which is often triggered by the habit of consuming snacks that are less hygienic and do not meet nutritional standards. The purpose of this study was to determine the design of illustrated story media about education on healthy snack consumption for elementary school children. This research is a mixed-methods research with the type of Research Development, which is a research that combines qualitative research and quantitative research. Picture storybooks can be used as interactive educational media (conveying messages in two ways) and are not boring. Picture storybook media was designed using the ADDIE method. The results of the media needs analysis, that the media most favored by children are picture storybooks with characters from animated series that are widely known to children. The results of the media validation trial were 100% which was categorized as very feasible, the material validity test obtained the results of 81% categorized as very feasible, the media feasibility test showed that the picture storybook was 97.1% feasible for use by target children. This study contributes to providing an understanding of the importance of choosing healthy snacks for children to reduce various nutritional problems.
Development of a Conceptual Model for a Web-Based Information System to Support Active Case Finding of Tuberculosis in Indonesia
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, ranking third worldwide in case numbers. The Indonesian government has strengthened case detection strategies, including the Active Case Finding (ACF) program; however, its implementation still faces challenges due to paper-based workflows that cause delays, duplicate data, and weak integration. This study aimed to design a conceptual model of a web-based information system to improve the efficiency, accuracy, and monitoring capacity of ACF. A descriptive observational design with mixed methods was applied, involving TB patients and healthcare workers selected purposively. Data were collected through questionnaires and focus group discussions (FGDs) to identify barriers and system requirements. The findings showed that the total performance score across six ACF stations was 63.89% (fair), highlighting critical issues in manual data handling. Based on these findings, a web-based system model was proposed, featuring online registration, SITB synchronization, and WhatsApp integration for patient follow-up. The model demonstrates potential to reduce administrative burden, support real-time monitoring, and accelerate diagnosis and treatment, while serving as a strategic foundation for digital health policies and TB elimination efforts in Indonesia.
The Effect of Audiobook Media on Teenagers Knowledge About Gastritis at SMAN 04 Bengkulu City
Data from the Bengkulu Provincial Health Office states that gastritis sufferers in this province amount to 45,316 people, making gastritis the disease with the highest number of cases in the region. Gastritis is still included in the top 10 most common diseases in Bengkulu City. This study was conducted on grade XI students of SMAN 04 Bengkulu City and was carried out on May 24 to June 4, 2025. The type of research is quantitative with a one group pre-test and post-test design. The number of samples is 44 people determined by simple random sampling technique. The analysis used is bivariate using the independent t-test. The results of the study obtained a p-value of 0.0001 ≤ 0.05, meaning that there is an influence of audiobook media on adolescent knowledge about gastritis. Schools are expected to consider the use of innovative learning media such as audiobooks in learning, especially related to diseases commonly experienced by adolescents such as gastritis. There was a significant increase in adolescents' knowledge about gastritis after being given an audiobook intervention. Therefore, the audiobook media has an effect on adolescents' knowledge about gastritis at SMAN 4, Bengkulu City.
The Effect Of Neck Massage Therapy On Mean Arterial Pressure In Hypertension Patients
Hypertension is one of the most significant global non-communicable disease (NCDs) contributing to increased mortality rates in many countries. Predicting hypertension through Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) measurement is more accurate than relying solely on systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings. MAP represents the average arterial pressure and is derived from both diastolic and systolic measurements. The management of hypertension encompasses not only pharmacological interventions but also non-pharmacological therapies aimed at maintaining stable blood pressure levels. This study aims to assess the effect of neck massage therapy on mean arterial pressure in hypertension patients in Telaga Dewa Health Center Working Area, Bengkulu City. This research utilized a pre-experimental design, specifically a pre- and post-test one-group design combined with accidental sampling. The sample comprised 43 participants, and statistical analyses were conducted using a one-sample t-test. The findings revealed a statistically significant difference in the average MAP values before and after the application of neck massage therapy, with a p-value of 0.001, which is less than the significance level of α 0.05. This indicates that neck massage therapy positively influences mean arterial pressure in hypertensive patients in the aforementioned health center area. It is recommended that healthcare providers consider incorporating neck massage therapy as a complementary treatment option for patients with hypertension.
Effect of Combination of Active Stretching and Light Walking on Blood Sugar Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Sukamerindu Health Center, Bengkulu City
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia caused by insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Pharmacological treatment alone is not sufficient; lifestyle modification, especially physical activity, plays a crucial role in controlling blood glucose levels. This study aimed to examine the effect of combining active stretching and light walking on blood glucose levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Sukamerindu Health Center, Bengkulu City. A quasi-experimental design with pre–posttest and control group was employed. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 44 participants, divided equally into intervention (n=22) and control (n=22) groups. The intervention group performed active stretching and light walking twice a week for three weeks, while the control group received only pharmacological therapy. Blood glucose levels were measured before and after the intervention using a digital glucometer. Data were analyzed using Independent Sample T-test. Results revealed a statistically significant reduction in blood glucose levels among the intervention group compared to the control group (p = 0.000). This study concludes that the combination of active stretching and light walking effectively reduces blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These findings suggest that integrating simple physical activities into diabetes management programs may serve as an effective non-pharmacological strategy to improve glycemic control.
The Effectiveness of Marigold Leaves and Flowers as Mosquito Repellent
The importance of mosquito control lies in mosquitoes as vectors of dangerous diseases such as dengue fever. The use of chemical insecticides, although common, has a negative impact on human health and the environment. The Aedes aegypti mosquito can cause dengue fever. The response is to carry out the vector life cycle, by killing mosquito larvae, using fogging, abate powder, which has an impact on the environment. Researchers are looking for a safe and effective natural larvicide solution. The researchers observed marigold plants at the research site. Marigold plants contain essential oils that are effective as larvicides on Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This study aims to test the effectiveness of squeezed leaves and flowers of marigold plants on mosquito repellent power. This study is a quasi-experimental study. The research location is in a room with a mosquito net box containing 140 mosquitoes. The results of the Chi-square analysis obtained the p-value = 0.039 indicates a statistically significant positive effect of marigold leaf slices as a mosquito repellent, with an odds ratio of 4.8 times. The effectiveness of marigold leaf juice on mosquito repellent. The chi-square analysis results obtained with a p-value = 0.040 indicate a statistically significant positive effect of marigold leaf slices as a mosquito repellent, with an odds ratio of 4.9 times. The effectiveness of marigold flower juice on mosquito repellent.
Risk Factors for Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in Pregnant Women in Bengkulu City
Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) is a major nutritional problem in pregnant women, especially in developing countries including Indonesia. CED is caused by long-term calorie and protein deficiency, which affects both the mother and the fetus. Data from the Bengkulu City Health Office in 2024 shows that 318 pregnant women experienced CME. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the incidence of CME in pregnant women in Bengkulu City. This study is an analytical study with cross-sectional design. Sampling in this study used a total sampling method with 66 respondents. The study was conducted in June 2025. The results of the study show significant influence of age, education, parity, and occupation on the incidence of CED in pregnant women. The most influential factor on the incidence of CED in the working area of the Muara Bangkahulu Community Health Center is age, with OR value of 39.768, which means that age has a 39.768 times higher risk of suffering from CED in pregnant women when compared to other independent variables.
Perceptions of Respectful Midwifery Care among Mothers with Gestational Diabetes: A Qualitative Exploration of Maternity Care Experiences
The high prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) highlights the importance of understanding the psychosocial experiences of pregnant women, particularly in relation to support the quality of maternity care. While previous studies have primarily focused on the clinical aspects of GDM, significant gaps remain in understanding mothers’ experiences and how family support and interactions with healthcare providers influence both adherence to self-management and maternal psychological well-being. This study aimed to explore the experiences of women with GDM in Bengkulu City, with a particular focus on the implementation of Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) principles. A qualitative phenomenological approach was employed, using in-depth interviews conducted both synchronously (in real time) and asynchronously (via messaging platforms) with six women with GDM, three midwives, and one head of a community health center. Participants were purposively recruited via social media and through local gatekeepers associated with community health centers. Thematic analysis, following Braun and Clarke, was applied, with verbatim transcription used to ensure data credibility. The findings revealed five main themes: emotional experiences related to diagnosis and maternity care, communication and therapeutic relationships with midwives, participation in decision-making, the need for empathic and continuous support, and challenges in managing lifestyle modifications. Stigma and psychological pressure emerged as barriers, whereas empathic communication, patient empowerment, and family/community support served as protective factors. These findings underscore that a holistic, mother-centered application of RMC can enhance maternal engagement, mitigate the effects of stigma, and improve adherence to self-management. The study’s implications are critical for developing integrative midwifery interventions that are sensitive to the local context and actively involve family and community support in GDM management.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Motivation Associated with Breast Self-Examination Awareness among Midwifery Students in Bengkulu City
Breast cancer is a serious and frightening threat to women because it can cause death. In 2022, there were 2,296,840 (23.8%) breast cancer sufferers in the world, with a mortality rate of 666,103 (15.4%). Breast Self Examination (BSE) is the easiest, cheapest and most effective early detection of breast cancer that can be done at home every month since women enter the age of 20 years. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes and motivation with BSE behavior in Midwifery Students in Bengkulu City. The research design used a cross-sectional approach. The number of samples of 106 respondents was taken using the proportional random sampling technique. The results of the chi square test showed a relationship between knowledge (p-value 0.000), attitudes (p-value 0.000) and motivation (p-value 0.000) with BSE behavior. The results of the logistic regression test showed that knowledge is the most dominant factor with BSE behavior (OR = 15.008). It is expected that midwifery students will perform BSE when they start studying BSE courses, motivate themselves to immediately perform BSE routinely every month as an effort to detect breast cancer early.
The Effect of Yoga and Hypertension Exercise on Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Mothers in The Working Area of The Penurunan Community Health Center in Bengkulu City
Hypertension remains a major health problem worldwide. Hypertension often leads to dangerous conditions because its presence is often unnoticed and does not cause complaints. Many respondents still do not practice yoga and hypertension exercises in their daily lives. This study aims to determine the effect of yoga and hypertension exercises on blood pressure in mothers with hypertension in the work area of ​​the Bengkulu City Health Center. This study is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental design with a two-group pretest-posttest design. The sample in this study were mothers with hypertension in the Penurunan Health Center with 60 respondents. Data analysis used to determine the difference in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) before and after the intervention was carried out using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The results of this study showed that the average blood pressure before the yoga group intervention was 159/97 mmHg and the average blood pressure after the yoga group intervention was 154/87 mmHg. The average blood pressure before the hypertension exercise group intervention was 159/96 mmHg and the average blood pressure after the intervention in the hypertension exercise group was 147/89 mmHg. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that the SBP Post p-value = 0.042 ≤ 0.05 and the DBP Post p-value = 0.002 ≤ 0.05. Using a 95% confidence level, H0 was rejected, which means there is an effect of yoga and hypertension exercise on blood pressure in mothers with hypertension in the work area of ​​the Penurunan Health Center. Yoga and hypertension exercise for mothers with hypertension can be an effective method in conveying information to hypertension sufferers.
Cortisol Levels in Third-Trimester Pregnant Women
Pregnancy leads to significant physiological changes, including adaptations in the endocrine system that support fetal development and prepare the body for childbirth. Cortisol levels naturally rise during pregnancy, primarily due to increased estrogen. However, psychological stress and heightened HPA axis activity can further elevate maternal cortisol beyond normal physiological levels. This descriptive study aimed to descript cortisol levels in the third trimester among pregnant women at Rejang Lebong District in 2025. Thirty participants were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and afternoon saliva samples (0.5-1 cc), and analyzed using percentage distributions. Most respondents were aged 20-35 (86.7%), over half were primigravida (63.3%), and 66.7% were employed. The average afternoon cortisol level was 0.18, exceeding the reference value of 0.15. While increased cortisol is a normal adaptation in pregnancy, levels above the physiological range may result from factors such as stress, anxiety, depression, or poor sleep, potentially affecting maternal and fetal health. It is essential for healthcare providers, particularly midwives, to offer comprehensive antenatal care, encompassing stress and anxiety monitoring, as well as education, counseling, and psychosocial support.
Description of Blood Clotting Time in Hypertensive Patients Using the Slide Method in the Working Area of the Kuala Lempuing Community Health Center, Bengkulu City
Hypertension is one of the major global health problems, often referred to as a silent killer because it typically presents without symptoms but can lead to serious complications, including coagulation disorders. One of the key parameters for assessing coagulation function is clotting time. Uncontrolled hypertension can cause endothelial damage, which accelerates the activation of the coagulation pathway. This study aims to describe the clotting time in hypertensive patients using the slide method in the working area of UPTD Puskesmas Kuala Lempuing, Bengkulu City, in 2025. This research employed a descriptive design with a quantitative approach. A total of 31 respondents were selected using accidental sampling from a population of 100 hypertensive patients. Data were collected through direct measurement of blood pressure and capillary clotting time using the slide method. The data were analyzed univariately.The average age of respondents was 51.8 years, ranging from 35 to 74 years. Nearly all respondents were female (97%). The majority had mild hypertension (68%), nearly a quarter had moderate hypertension (26%), and a small proportion had severe hypertension (6%). The average clotting time was 2 minutes, with a minimum of 1 minute and a maximum of 4 minutes and 30 seconds. The average blood clotting time in individuals with hypertension falls within the lower limit of the normal range, with some respondents experiencing shortened clotting time and a small proportion suffering from severe hypertension. Therefore, regular monitoring of coagulation function is recommended as part of hypertension management.
The Influence of Peer Educator Empowerment on Improving Knowledge and Skills of Adolescent Girls Regarding Breast Self-Examination at State Senior High School 04 Bengkulu City
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide, including in Indonesia. Breast self-examination (BSE) is an important early detection effort that should be practiced from adolescence. Preliminary surveys at State Senior High School 4 Bengkulu City revealed that most female students had neither knowledge of nor experience in performing BSE. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of peer educator empowerment on improving the knowledge and skills of adolescent girls regarding BSE at State Senior High School 4 Bengkulu City in 2025. This study employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The sample consisted of 35 twelfth-grade female students, selected using proportional systematic sampling. The intervention was conducted through the empowerment of 35 peer educators who received training over three sessions, after which they provided education on breast cancer and the procedure for performing BSE to their peers. Data were collected using a knowledge questionnaire and a skills checklist, and analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed a significant improvement in both knowledge and skills after the intervention. The average knowledge score increased from 7.09 to 16.54, while the skills score increased from 7.86 to 72.71. The Wilcoxon test revealed p-values of 0.000 for both knowledge and skills variables (<0.05), indicating a statistically significant effect. These findings demonstrate that peer educator empowerment significantly influences the improvement of knowledge and skills among adolescent girls regarding BSE at State Senior High School 4 Bengkulu City. It is recommended that State Senior High School 4 Bengkulu City reactivate its peer group program as a platform for health education, particularly concerning breast self-examination (BSE), and ensure the sustainability of such activities to be carried out regularly.
The Influence of Comic Book Media on Children's Knowledge and Attitudes toward Fruit and Vegetable Consumption at SDIT Iqra 1 Bengkulu City
Elementary school children are in a period of rapid growth (growth spurt) and therefore require a balanced nutritional intake that includes fruits and vegetables. Lack of fruit and vegetable consumption can lead to nutritional problems such as obesity. This study aimed to determine the effect of comic book media on children's knowledge and attitudes toward fruit and vegetable consumption at SDIT IQRA 1 Bengkulu City. A quantitative, pre-experimental design using a One Group Pretest and Posttest was employed. The study population consisted of 117 fourth-grade students at SDIT IQRA 1 Bengkulu City, with a sample of 34 students selected through simple random sampling. A questionnaire was administered before and after the intervention, and the data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Results showed an increase in the mean knowledge score from 56.35 to 96.03 and an increase in the mean attitude score from 28.41 to 37.44 after the comic book intervention. The statistical test revealed Δ mean values of 39.68 for knowledge and 13.36 for attitude, with a p-value = 0.000, indicating a significant effect of comic book media on improving students’ knowledge and attitudes regarding fruit and vegetable consumption. In conclusion, there was a significant increase in students’ knowledge and attitudes toward fruit and vegetable consumption following the comic book intervention, suggesting that comic book media significantly influences improvements in knowledge and attitudes about fruit and vegetable consumption.
The Relationship Between Energy Intake, Macronutrients, and Glycemic Index of Snack Foods with Nutritional Status among Adolescents at SMAN 07 Bengkulu City
Nutritional status is a condition of body health influenced by the intake of nutrients obtained from food and beverages in accordance with the body’s needs. Adolescents are particulary vulnerable to nutritional problems due to behavioral and lifestyle changes. They require adequate nutrient intake to support their growth and development. This study aims to determine the relationships between energy, macronutrient intake, and glycemic index of snack foods with nutritional status among adolescents at SMAN 07 Bengkulu City in 2025. This research used a descriptive-analytic method with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected through simple random sampling involving 60 students. Instrument included snack food SQ-FFQ, digital body weight scale, and microtoise. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate analysis with the chi-square test. The results showed a significant relationship between energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake from snack foods and the nutritional status of adolescents at SMAN 07 Bengkulu City (p-value < 0.05). Menawhile, glycemic index intake showed no significant relationship with nutritional status (p-value = 0.176).
Description Analysis of Postpartum Mothers’ Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy (BSE) in Rejang Lebong Regency
Breastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE) is a mother's confidence in her ability to breastfeed. Higher confidence increases the likelihood of continued breastfeeding, while lower confidence can be a barrier. This study assessed BSE among breastfeeding mothers in Rejang Lebong District in 2025. Thirty postpartum mothers, aged 0 to 42 days, were randomly selected and surveyed from June to August 2025. Data were collected using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form (BSES-SF) and reported as percentages. Most participants were aged 20 to 35 years (66.7%), 80% were not employed outside the home, and 86.7% had a high level of education. Over half had two children (53.3%), 63.3% had incomes at or above the minimum wage, and 90% demonstrated high breastfeeding self-efficacy. Support from family and healthcare providers, particularly midwives, is essential in building mothers' confidence and promoting effective breastfeeding practices, which can help achieve exclusive breastfeeding.
The Effect of The Calgary Family Intervention Model Approach in Choosing Healthy Snacks on The Prevention of Foodborne Diseases in School Children at SDN 38 Bengkulu City
Foodborne disease (FBD) is a significant public health concern worldwide, particularly among school-aged children, who are more susceptible to consuming unsafe or unhealthy snacks sold around schools. Poor hygiene, lack of parental supervision, and limited knowledge about food safety often contribute to the high incidence of foodborne illnesses in this population. Therefore, improving children’s understanding and behavior toward healthy snack selection is crucial in preventing FBD. This study aims to determine the effect of the Calgary Family Intervention Model (CFIM) approach on the selection of healthy snacks for the prevention of foodborne disease among schoolchildren at SDN 38 Bengkulu City. The CFIM emphasizes collaboration between children and their families to promote health behavior change through education, communication, and family engagement. This research employs a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design using a one-group pre-test and post-test approach. The sample consisted of 41 second-grade students at SDN 38 Bengkulu City, selected through a total sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire and analyzed statistically using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test to evaluate differences before and after the intervention. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ knowledge regarding the selection of healthy snacks after the CFIM-based intervention (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that the CFIM approach effectively enhances children’s awareness and decision-making skills in choosing safe and nutritious foods. It is expected that this model can be implemented as a sustainable educational strategy to promote food safety and overall health among school-aged children.
The Effect of Game Change of Habits on Students Knowledge and Attitudes About Water Consumption at SDN 79 Bengkulu City
Elementary school students often prefer sugary drinks over water, which increases the risk of dehydration and various health problems. This highlights the need for engaging and interactive educational media to improve students’ knowledge and shape positive attitudes toward the importance of drinking water from an early age. This study employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The sample consisted of 38 fifth-grade students at SDN 79 Bengkulu City, selected using the total sampling technique. Data were collected using knowledge and attitude questionnaires, while the intervention was carried out through the Game Change of Habits educational game. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed an increase in students’ average knowledge scores from 57.72 to 97.02 and attitude scores from 36.53 to 54.63 after the intervention. Statistical analysis revealed a p-value = 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant effect. These findings demonstrate that educational games are effective in enhancing understanding and fostering positive attitudes toward regular water consumption. It is recommended that educational games be used as an alternative strategy for health promotion in elementary schools. Teachers and health workers are encouraged to integrate such media into learning activities to instill healthy drinking habits from an early age in a sustainable manner.
The Effect of Assertive Skills Training and the Anti-Bullying Snakes and Ladders Game on Increasing Assertive Attitudes in Efforts to Prevent Bullying at SMPN 12 Bengkulu City
Bullying is a deviant behavior that often occurs during early adolescence, especially in school environments. Its impact is not only physical but also affects students’ psychological well-being, such as lowering self-esteem and increasing anxiety. Assertive behavior and the use of the anti-bullying snakes and ladders game can help improve students’ attitudes toward bullying and create a safe, positive school environment. This study aims to determine the effect of assertive skills training and the anti-bullying snakes and ladders game on improving assertive attitudes as an effort to prevent bullying at SMPN 12 Bengkulu City. This study employed a pre-experimental design using the one-group pretest–posttest method. The sample was selected through a stratified random sampling technique, involving a total of 57 participants. The instruments used included a questionnaire to assess assertive attitudes and an observation sheet for letter content. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The analysis results showed a p-value of 0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference in students’ assertive behavior before and after the intervention. Assertive training and the anti-bullying snakes and ladders game were found to have a positive effect on improving students’ assertive attitudes as an effort to prevent bullying.
The Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Breastfeeding in Post-Cesarean Section Mothers using The ERACS Method at Harapan & Doa Hospital, Bengkulu City
Harapan dan Doa Regional Hospital in Bengkulu provides cesarean section services using ERACS design. One of the main challenges after surgery is achieving exclusive breastfeeding, which could affected by psychological factors example, self-efficacy. This study aimed to determining corelation among self-efficacy also breastfeeding between post-cesarean mothers undergoing the ERACS method at Harapan dan Doa Regional Hospital in 2025. Research utilized cross-sectional models also 75 respondents selected through total sampling baseed inclusion also exclusion indicators. Data gathered utilized questionnaires also analyzed with chi-square at a significance level of α=0,05 . Analysis revealed no significant association among age or parity also breastfeeding. However, significant correlation was tracked among self-efficacy and breastfeeding (p=0.029). Self-efficacy plays an important role in breastfeeding success among post-cesarean mothers using the ERACS method. Hospitals are advised to provide interventions such as counseling, healthcare support, and family involvement to enhance maternal self-efficacy and encourage breastfeeding.
Implementation of Digital Health to Improve Health Service Accessibility in Bengkulu City: An Analysis of Telemedicine and Digital Health Technology
Digital health technologies have emerged as critical solutions to address healthcare accessibility challenges in developing regions. Bengkulu City, as the capital of Bengkulu Province, faces unique healthcare delivery challenges that can be addressed through digital health implementation. This study analyzes the current state and potential of digital health implementation in Bengkulu City in 2025, focusing on telemedicine adoption, healthcare accessibility improvement, and the impact of digital technologies on health service delivery. This research employed a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative analysis of healthcare statistics from BPS-Statistics Indonesia and qualitative assessment of digital health initiatives. Data sources included Bengkulu Province health statistics, national digital health platform usage, and comparative analysis with national trends. The study reveals significant opportunities for digital health expansion in Bengkulu City. With a poverty rate of 12.52% as of September 2024, digital health solutions present viable options for improving healthcare access. The analysis shows potential for telemedicine adoption, particularly given the existing healthcare infrastructure challenges in the region. Digital health implementation in Bengkulu City requires strategic planning considering local socioeconomic factors, digital literacy levels, and healthcare infrastructure. The integration of telemedicine and digital health platforms can significantly improve healthcare accessibility for the city's population.
Combining Autogenic Relaxation and Auricular Acupressure to Reduce Anxiety in High-Risk Pregnant Women
High-risk pregnancy is often associated with elevated levels of maternal anxiety, which can negatively impact maternal and fetal health outcomes. While pharmacological approaches are available, evidence regarding effective non-pharmacological interventions for anxiety management in this population remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of autogenic relaxation and auricular acupressure in reducing anxiety among high-risk pregnant women. A quasi-experimental study with a pre-test–post-test control group design was conducted at the Bengkulu City Public Health Center area. Thirty-four third-trimester pregnant women experiencing anxiety were recruited, with 17 participants assigned to the intervention group through total sampling and 17 to the control group using simple random sampling. The intervention, combining autogenic relaxation and auricular acupressure, was administered daily for seven consecutive days. Anxiety levels were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and Mann-Whitney tests. Baseline anxiety scores were comparable between groups (intervention: 30.18; control: 30.76). After the intervention, the intervention group showed a significant reduction in anxiety by 10.94 points (p = 0.000), compared to 3.76 points in the control group. Mann-Whitney analysis confirmed a significant difference between groups (p = 0.000). Autogenic relaxation was found to be more effective (37%) compared to auricular acupressure (13%) in reducing maternal anxiety. Autogenic relaxation is more effective than auricular acupressure in reducing anxiety among high-risk pregnant women. These findings highlight the potential of autogenic relaxation as a recommended non-pharmacological intervention in antenatal care to enhance maternal psychological well-being.
Risk Factors for Hypertension in Women of Reproductive Age in Bengkulu City
Hypertension affecting Women of Childbearing Age (WCA) can significantly influence the processes of pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum recovery. This is primarily due to chronic hypertension, which often acts as a precursor to the perilous condition of pre-eclampsia, particularly if it occurs during pregnancy and is not appropriately managed. This study aimed to identify the risk factors contributing to the incidence of hypertension in Bengkulu City. This study employs an analytical survey with a cross-sectional design, involving a sample size of 164 participants calculated using a sample size calculator. The hypothesis estimates a single proportion with a confidence level of 80%, a significance level of 5%, and an estimated prevalence of 30%, within a population of 143,337 women diagnosed with hypertension in Bengkulu City. Data were analyzed utilizing Chi-Square statistical methods. There exists a significant association between educational level (p-value < 0.019), family history of disease (p-value < 0.00), obesity (p-value < 0.00), stress levels (p-value < 0.00), physical activity (p-value < 0.025), and the use of contraception (p-value < 0.001) with the occurrence of hypertension in WCA. Based on multivariate analysis, the variable of obesity emerged as the most influential factor for the incidence of hypertension, with an odds ratio (OR) of 236.068. The causal factors of hypertension in WCA include educational level, family medical history, obesity, stress, physical activity, and type of contraceptive use.
The Effect of Digital Spinning Wheel Game on Dental and Oral Health Knowledge among Students of SMP Negeri 8 Bengkulu City
Dental caries is one of the most common health problems among school-aged children, which can negatively affect comfort, learning concentration, and overall quality of life. This condition is generally caused by low knowledge and poor habits in maintaining oral and dental hygiene. Children often lack awareness of the importance of regular oral care, making it necessary to implement innovative, engaging, and interactive educational methods, such as digital game- based learning. This study employed an action research approach combined with a pre- experimental design using a one-group pretest–posttest method. The sample consisted of 34 randomly selected students, with data collected using a 20-item questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The intervention involved the use of a digital spin wheel game supported by a manual book as a learning guide. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ knowledge after the intervention, with a Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test result of p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that the digital spin wheel game is an effective educational medium. It is expected to serve as an inspiring learning tool and is recommended for use in school-based health promotion programs.
The Effect of Grain Mosaic Media on Fine Motor Development in 5-Year-Old Children at Shandy Putra Telkom Kindergarten in Bengkulu City
Fine motor development in early childhood is essential for supporting hand–eye coordination, independence, and learning readiness. According to UNICEF 2020, 5– 25% of children worldwide experience fine motor developmental delays, while in Indonesia, approximately 16% of children face brain and nerve disorders that contribute to such delays. Bengkulu Province contributes 8.3% of national fine motor delay cases. Grain mosaic media provides a low-cost, engaging, and effective alternative to stimulate fine motor development through activities that enhance grip strength, accuracy, and focus. This study aimed to analyze the effect of grain mosaic media on fine motor development among 5-year-old children at TK Shandy Putra Telkom, Bengkulu City. This quantitative study applied a pre- experimental one group pretest–posttest design with total sampling. Thirty children aged five years were included. Fine motor development was assessed using the Kuesioner Pra-Skrining Perkembangan (KPSP) and observational checklists. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The average fine motor score increased from 7.50 (pre-test) to 9.00 (post-test), with a mean difference of 1.50. The Wilcoxon test revealed a significance value of p = 0.000 (<0.05), confirming that grain mosaic media had a significant effect on fine motor development. Grain mosaic media effectively improves children’s fine motor skills, particularly in hand–eye coordination, grip strength, accuracy, and concentration. Teachers and parents are encouraged to apply this media as an enjoyable and accessible stimulation tool both at school and at home.
Nutrient Quality of Ready-to-Eat Meals from School Canteens and Vendors: Insight into the School Food Environment
The school food environment, which offers limited healthy food options, contributes to the rising prevalence of overweight among adolescents in Indonesia. Various efforts have been made to improve nutritional status, including the school meal programs. However, there have been no targeted efforts to regulate food, especially the Ready-to-Eat (RTE) meals within the school environment, particularly in urban areas where the overweight prevalence among adolescent is increasing. Up to present time, there is no adequate information provided for adolescent regarding to the nutrition quality of RTE meals at school which could be potential to increase the knowledge and improve their food choice. This study aimed to analyze the nutritional quality of ready-to-eat meals (RTE) sold in school canteens and vendors in Jakarta as evidence to provide information about nutrient quality of RTE meals. In-depth interviews to explore the food recipe were conducted with food vendors from selected schools in urban and peri-urban areas. Nutrient content analysis per portion was calculated using the Indonesian Food Composition Table, based on collected recipes. Foods were categorized into snacks, one-dish meals, full meals, beverages, and side dishes. Nutrient quality was identified using Nutrient-Rich Food (NRF) index. Results showed that beverages contribute the highest sugar content with the lowest nutritional value, while one-dish provide highest sodium, and full meals are dominated by high carbohydrate, fat, and calorie content. Across all meal categories, the intake of fiber, iron, calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin C is far below recommendation. Moreover, both one-dish and full meals fail to meet protein recommendation level.
The Effect of Combined Five Fingers and Rhythmic Breathing Therapy on Blood Pressure Reduction in Elderly People with Hypertension in the Muara Bangkahulu Community Health Center Bengkulu City
Hypertension is a chronic cardiovascular disorder characterized by an increase in blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or higher. This condition is prevalent among older adults due to natural aging and lifestyle-related risk factors. Globally, approximately one in two adults over the age of 50 suffers from hypertension, with a significant proportion residing in Asia. Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to severe complications, including stroke, heart disease, and kidney failure. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as relaxation techniques, have been shown to support blood pressure control. This study aimed to determine the effect of combining Five Fingers and Rhythmic Breathing therapy on blood pressure reduction among elderly individuals with hypertension. A quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test control group was used, involving 40 respondents selected through random sampling. The intervention group received Five Fingers and Rhythmic Breathing therapy three times per week for two weeks, while the control group received autogenic relaxation. Blood pressure measurements were obtained using a sphygmomanometer, and data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The results showed a significant difference in both systolic (p = 0.001) and diastolic (p = 0.040) blood pressure between groups after the intervention. These findings suggest that the combined Five Fingers and Rhythmic Breathing therapy effectively reduces blood pressure among elderly individuals with hypertension. The intervention is simple, safe, non-invasive, and can be practiced independently at home. This approach can be recommended as an adjunct non-pharmacological therapy in hypertension management.
Knowledge and Attitudes of Third Trimester Pregnant Women toward Attending The Sixth Antenatal Care Visit (K6)
The sixth antenatal visit (K6) refers to a scheduled maternal healthcare appointment in which pregnant women receive comprehensive and integrated antenatal services from qualified healthcare providers, with a minimum of six visits recommended throughout the course of pregnancy. The Bengkulu City Health Office continues to enhance K6 visit achievements by strengthening collaborative efforts in antenatal care services among midwives, obstetricians, and the PONED and PONEK referral networks. These initiatives aim to explore the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women in their third trimester regarding the K6 visits. This study employed a cross-sectional research design. The sampling technique utilized was total sampling. The study population consisted of 104 primigravida pregnant women beyond 36 weeks of gestation within the Bengkulu City primary healthcare centers’ working area in 2024. Data collection instruments included questionnaires and maternal health visit books (KIA). Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate approaches, with the Chi-square test applied for inferential analysis. The results indicated that among the 104 respondents, the majority 65 participants (62.5%)—demonstrated good knowledge, while 62 respondents (59.6%) exhibited positive attitudes. Additionally, 55 respondents (52.9%) adhered regularly to the sixth antenatal visit (K6). Bivariate analysis revealed significant associations between knowledge (p= 0.004) and attitude (p= 0.022) with K6 attendance, indicating that both factors are significantly related to the practice of attending the sixth antenatal visit among pregnant women in their third trimester. It is recommended that healthcare providers enhance participation and motivation among pregnant women to undergo antenatal care during the K6 visit for early detection of pregnancy danger signs.
Identification of Candida Species in the Saliva of Elderly Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus in the Working Area of Telaga Dewa Public Health Center, Bengkulu City
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels resulting from insulin deficiency or resistance. This metabolic disorder may result in multiple complications, including fungal infections such as oral candidiasis. Elevated glucose concentrations in the saliva of individuals with diabetes mellitus create conditions favorable for the proliferation of Candida species, particularly among elderly patients with compromised immune function. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of Candida species in the saliva of 32 elderly patients with diabetes mellitus in the Telaga Dewa Public Health Center area of Bengkulu City. Descriptive research was employed to determine the prevalence of Candida species in the saliva of elderly patients with diabetes mellitus. Samples were collected using the absorption method with swabs, then examined macroscopically on Saboraud Dextrose Agar and microscopically with Lactophenol Cotton Blue staining. The results found positive results for Candida sp. in saliva in 25 individuals (78%), while 7 Individuals (22%) tested negative.
Evaluating the Impact of the GERSAH Public Service Announcement on Family Knowledge of Hyperthyroidism at Dr. M Yunus Hospital, Bengkulu
Hyperthyroidism has become one of the health disorders that can greatly affect quality of life and potentially cause serious complications if not addressed early. One of the factors contributing to this condition is the lack of family knowledge. Therefore, efforts that can be made to increase family knowledge include using engaging media, such as Public Service Announcements. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the GERSAH public service announcement on family knowledge of hyperthyroidism at Dr. M. Yunus Hospital, Bengkulu. This study uses a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design, employing a pre-test and post-test model on a single group. This study involved 33 respondents as the sample, obtained through purposive sampling techniques. Questionnaires were used as the main instrument in this study, with data analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results showed a significant increase in the average knowledge scores, rising from 7.45 before the intervention to 12.76 after the intervention. The p-value obtained was 0.000 (≤ 0.05), confirming that the intervention of GERSAH public service announcement had a significant in increasing family knowledge of hyperthyroidism. It is expected that the GERSAH public service announcement media can become an effective educational tool in enhancing family knowledge of hyperthyroidism.
Nurses’ and Caregivers’ Experiences of Virgin Coconut Oil Perianal Care in Children with Diarrhea: A Phenomenological Study in Bengkulu, Indonesia
Diarrhea in children frequently leads to increased bowel movements resulting in perianal skin irritation, discomfort, and potential infection. Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO), with its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, is gaining attention as a natural topical treatment to alleviate such irritation. This phenomenological case study explores the lived experiences of seven nurses and caregivers administering VCO perianal care for children with diarrhea at RSHD Bengkulu, Indonesia, in 2024. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and observations, and analyzed using thematic methods to capture the essence of participants’ experiences. The findings indicate that VCO application effectively improved skin integrity and reduced irritation, contributing to enhanced patient comfort. Participants noted challenges, including initial child resistance and the necessity for caregiver education on appropriate application techniques and hygiene maintenance. Positive caregiver-patient interactions and comprehensive training increased confidence and adherence to perianal care practices. Thematic analysis revealed important aspects such as the natural efficacy of VCO, the holistic benefit to child well-being, and the critical role of thorough caregiver support and education in successful care implementation. This study offers valuable insights into integrating natural products like VCO into pediatric nursing care and emphasizes the need for tailored strategies to manage child cooperation during care. The results can inform clinical protocols and family education programs aiming to provide effective, culturally appropriate, and child-friendly interventions for managing perianal irritation in pediatric diarrhea cases.